The development of more sophisticated technology and the refinement of surgical techniques have led to an ever increasing array of surgical protocols that can be used to enhance orthodontic treatment outcomes. Such technologies include the use of the diode laser by the orthodontist for recontouring the gingival and mucosal soft tissue to more extensive interventions such as guided tissue and bone regeneration and the sinus lift prior to implant placement provided by other specialty disciplines. Similarly, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery has shown a development of surgical and non-surgical protocols for improving the soft and hard tissues of the face, both of the routine orthodontic patient and of those individuals with major facial imbalances. A final type of patient, the severity of whose breathing problem now is being addressed more aggressively both surgically and non-surgically, is the obstructive sleep apnea sufferer. Contributors to the 47th volume of the Craniofacial Growth Series include David Sarver, Louis Costa, John Graeber, Sean Edwards, Stephen Schendel, Myron Nevins, Roger Wise, Tiziano Baccetti, James Hartsfield, Scott Conley, Flavio Uribe, Veronica Giuntini, David Covell, Chester Handleman, Airton Arruda and Tarek El-Bialy, plus other investigators.

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